{"id":2343,"date":"2019-10-22T20:54:42","date_gmt":"2019-10-22T17:54:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/?p=2343"},"modified":"2024-06-08T10:39:37","modified_gmt":"2024-06-08T07:39:37","slug":"alkol-nedir-nasil-uretilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/?p=2343","title":{"rendered":"Alkol Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00dcretilir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Alkol Nedir?<\/h2>\n<p>Alkol genellikle \u015feker i\u00e7eren mayalanm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen kimyasal bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi karbon, oksijen ve hidrojen bile\u015fenlerinden olu\u015fur. Maddenin kimyasal ad\u0131na Etanol denmektedir.\u00a0 Alkol \u00f6z\u00fcnde Etil alkol ve Metil alkol olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Etanol, maya denen tek h\u00fccreli bir canl\u0131n\u0131n meyve ve tah\u0131llardaki \u015fekeri sindirmesi ile olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Etil alkol ila\u00e7 sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere i\u00e7ecek ve sanayide kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2347\" title=\"Alkol Nas\u0131l \u00dcretilir?\" src=\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkol-nasil-uretilir.jpg\" alt=\"Alkol Nas\u0131l \u00dcretilir?\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkol-nasil-uretilir.jpg 640w, https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkol-nasil-uretilir-150x76.jpg 150w, https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkol-nasil-uretilir-300x153.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Alkol Nas\u0131l \u00dcretilir?<\/h2>\n<p>\u015eeker i\u00e7eren meyve ve ni\u015fasta i\u00e7eren tah\u0131llar \u00f6ncelikle mayaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dcz\u00fcm, pancar, erik, armut gibi glikoz i\u00e7eren meyveler ya da ni\u015fasta i\u00e7eren ve asidik hidrolizde glikoz veren bu\u011fday, patates, m\u0131s\u0131r gibi tah\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n gilikoz a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 s\u0131v\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u00a0 yani\u00a0 halk aras\u0131nda \u015f\u0131ra, may\u015fe ad\u0131 verilen s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n &#8221;zimas&#8221; ismi ile bilinen bir enzim sayesinde fermente olmas\u0131 yani mayalanmas\u0131 ve etil alkole d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Mayalanan i\u00e7ecek dam\u0131tma tesislerinde dam\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Su ve alkol birbirinden \u015fu \u015fekilde ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Alkol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 su ile farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Suyun kaynama noktas\u0131 100 derece iken alkol\u00fcn kaynama noktas\u0131 78,4 derecedir. Mayalanan i\u00e7ecek dam\u0131t\u0131l\u0131rken alkol sudan \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 buharla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Su hala kaynama noktas\u0131na gelmemi\u015f kab\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde iken alkol 78,4 dereceye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7oktan buharla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Buharla\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi ile buharla\u015fan alkol gerekli donan\u0131mla \u00fcsten tutarak, sudan ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olunur. Buhar halindeki alkol ba\u015fka bir kaba ge\u00e7irildikten sonra yo\u011funla\u015fma y\u00f6ntemi ile tekrar damla damla s\u0131v\u0131 hale ge\u00e7irilir. Bu i\u015flemin sonucunda y\u00fcksek dereceli saf alkol elde edilir.<\/p>\n<p>Alkol \u00e7e\u015fitleri derken bir \u00e7ok i\u00e7ki \u00e7e\u015fidi akla gelse de asl\u0131nda alkol metil alkol ve etil alkol olmak \u00fczere iki \u00e7e\u015fittir.<\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek i\u00e7ki etil alkolden \u00fcretilir. Sahte i\u00e7ki ise metil alkolden \u00fcretilmektedir.\u00a0 Metil alkol \u00e7ok daha kalitesiz ve ucuz olmas\u0131 nedeni sahte i\u00e7ki \u00fcretiminde bilin\u00e7siz ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Oysa ki ciddi \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl etkileri vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Etil Alkol Nedir?<\/h3>\n<p>C2H5OH olarak yaz\u0131lan etil alkol ila\u00e7 ve sanayi sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131nda i\u00e7kilerin ana maddesi ise etil alkold\u00fcr. Rak\u0131 \u00fcretiminde de etil alkol ve <strong>rak\u0131 kiti<\/strong>nden faydalan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>Metil Alkol Nedir?<\/h3>\n<p>Metil alkol, hiroksilenmi\u015f bir alkilidir. Toksisitesi yani zehir \u00f6zelli\u011fi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksektir. Karbon ve hidrojenden ileri gelen metil alkol b\u00fcnyede metobolize olmaz. V\u00fccutta formaldehid ile formik asite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Bu da as\u0131l toksisite kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yani metil alkol sanayide pek \u00e7ok yerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r ama asla g\u0131da yap\u0131m\u0131nda yani i\u00e7kilerin i\u00e7erisinde kullan\u0131lamaz.\u00a0 \u00dclkemizdeki sahte rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131larak bir \u00e7ok ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne metil alkol sebep olmu\u015ftur.<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2346\" title=\"Alkol\u00fcn V\u00fccutta Emilimi Ve Yak\u0131m\u0131\" src=\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkolun-vucutta-emilimi-ve-yakimi.jpg\" alt=\"Alkol\u00fcn V\u00fccutta Emilimi Ve Yak\u0131m\u0131\" width=\"600\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkolun-vucutta-emilimi-ve-yakimi.jpg 800w, https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkolun-vucutta-emilimi-ve-yakimi-150x83.jpg 150w, https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkolun-vucutta-emilimi-ve-yakimi-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkolun-vucutta-emilimi-ve-yakimi-768x426.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Alkol\u00fcn V\u00fccutta Emilimi Ve Yak\u0131m\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>Ortalama hesapla 100 cc&#8217;lik bir rak\u0131da 36 gr, 100 cc&#8217;lik \u015farapta 12 gr, 100 cc&#8217;lik birada 3 gr alkol bulunur. A\u011f\u0131z yolu ile al\u0131nan alkol mide ve ince ba\u011f\u0131rsakta h\u0131zla emilerek kana kar\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 40 ile 60 dakikada kanda en y\u00fcksek yo\u011funlu\u011fa ula\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Alkol\u00fcn kandan at\u0131lmas\u0131, kana kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha yava\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Alkol\u00fcn % 90&#8217;n\u0131 karaci\u011ferde par\u00e7alan\u0131rken, geri kalan\u0131 ter, solunum havas\u0131 ve idrar yolu ile at\u0131l\u0131r. Alkol v\u00fccutta \u00f6nce asetaldehite, sonra asetik asit daha sonrada su ve karbondioksite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak karaci\u011ferde saatte kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na 100-150 gr alkol par\u00e7alanmaktad\u0131r. Bu oran ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7ki kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in reklam yasa\u011f\u0131, vergilere konan zamlar,\u00a0 sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki saat k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131, i\u00e7kili mekanlardaki ruhsat al\u0131m\u0131ndaki zorluklar gibi fakt\u00f6rler eklendik\u00e7e ki\u015filer evde kendi rak\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretim yoluna gitmi\u015flerdir. Sahte rak\u0131 \u00fcretiminde de metil alkol kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ki\u015fileri merdiven alt\u0131 \u00fcretimlerden de uzat tutmaktad\u0131r. Rak\u0131 fiyat\u0131 10 y\u0131lda 6 kat zamland\u0131ktan sonra evlerin mutfa\u011f\u0131nda konserve, re\u00e7el\u00a0 yapar gibi\u00a0 rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 da s\u0131radan bir hal alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130nternet&#8217;te insanlar rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u00e7ok ki\u015fi rak\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kendi yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik yollar denemektedir. Kimisi evde bir dam\u0131tma sistemi kullanarak orjinaline yak\u0131n bir rak\u0131 elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ok zor ve uzun u\u011fra\u015flar gerektiren bir yoldur. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk ise etil alkol i\u00e7erisine rak\u0131 kiti ve su ekleyerek kendi rak\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 elde etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda 96 derecelik etil alkol i\u00e7erisine 1 litre su eklenerek alkol seviyesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Rak\u0131 kiti eklenerek rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olunur. Anason ya\u011f\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan ya\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunduran rak\u0131 kiti, rak\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Rak\u0131 kiti ile yap\u0131lan rak\u0131ya anason, gliserin, \u015feker, \u00fcz\u00fcm aromas\u0131 gibi vesaire \u015feylerin eklenmesine gerek yoktur. Bu nedenle haz\u0131rlamas\u0131 kolay oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in genelde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk haz\u0131r rak\u0131 kiti kullanarak rak\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kendileri yapma yoluna gitmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Haz\u0131r sat\u0131lan bu kitler sadece rak\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakta de\u011fil votka, viski, rom, cin gibi i\u00e7kilerin yap\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Evde \u015farap yap\u0131m\u0131nda ise \u015farap mayalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Meyve ve meyve sular\u0131ndan \u00f6zel olarak \u00fcretilen bu mayalar\u0131 kullanarak evde \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede insanlar art\u0131k kendi \u015faraplar\u0131n\u0131 da yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Etil alkol i\u00e7erisine konan \u015farap mayas\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede fermente olmaktad\u0131r. Burada en \u00f6nemli nokta alt\u0131klar\u0131 etil alkol\u00fcn g\u00fcvenilir olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle mutlaka tan\u0131d\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenilir yerden al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dclkemize bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlere her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn ilgi \u00e7ok daha fazla artmaktad\u0131r. Bunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla nedeni i\u00e7ki sat\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki zamlard\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7ki kullanan insanlar bu nedenle kendi i\u00e7kilerini kendileri \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Bunu yaparken alkol oranlar\u0131na ve etil alkol kullanmaya mutlaka \u00e7ok dikkat etmeleri gerekmektedir. \u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u015feyden \u00e7ok daha fazla \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alkol Nedir? Alkol genellikle \u015feker i\u00e7eren mayalanm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ile elde edilen kimyasal bir s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi karbon, oksijen ve hidrojen bile\u015fenlerinden olu\u015fur. Maddenin kimyasal ad\u0131na Etanol denmektedir.\u00a0 Alkol \u00f6z\u00fcnde Etil alkol ve Metil alkol olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Etanol, maya denen tek h\u00fccreli bir canl\u0131n\u0131n meyve ve tah\u0131llardaki \u015fekeri sindirmesi ile olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Etil alkol ila\u00e7 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[568],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faydali-bilgiler"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Alkol Nedir? 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Etanol, maya denen tek h\u00fccreli bir canl\u0131n\u0131n meyve ve tah\u0131llardaki \u015fekeri sindirmesi ile olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 Etil alkol ila\u00e7 &hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/?p=2343\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Haberleri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-22T17:54:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-08T07:39:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/alkol-nedir-nasil-uretilir.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"699\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"450\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Edit\u00f6r\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Edit\u00f6r\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/?p=2343#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/?p=2343\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Edit\u00f6r\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/saglikpersonelleri.com\/#\/schema\/person\/eaf5e9bab800d2e108cfb894850c6fae\"},\"headline\":\"Alkol Nedir? 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